Lesson 10
Computer as a Tutor
The computer is one of the
wonder of human ingenuity even in its original design in the 1950’s to carry
out complicated mathematical and logical operations. With the invention of
microcomputer, the PC has become the tool for programmed instruction. Educator
saw much use of the PC. They saw its potential for individualization in
learning.
Computer-assisted
Instruction (CAI)
The
computer can be tutor in effective relieving the teacher of many activities in
his her/her personal role of classroom tutor. It should be made clear, however,
that the computer cannot totally replace the teacher since the teacher shall
continue to play the major roles of information deliverer and learning
environment controller.
The teacher must :
- Insured the students have the needed knowledge
and skills for any computer activity.
- Decide the appropriate learning objectives.
- Plan the sequential and structured activities to
achieve objectives.
- Evaluate the students’ achievement by ways of
tests the specific expected outcomes.
The students in CAI
play their own roles as learners as they :
- Receive information.
- Understand instructions for the computer
activity.
- Retain in mind the information and rules for the
computer activity.
- Apply the knowledge and rules during the process
of computer learning.
The computer, too,
play its role as it :
- Acts as a sort of tutor.
- Provides
learning environment.
- Delivers learning instruction.
- Reinforces learning trough drill-and-practice,
- Provides feedback.
CAI Integrated with Lessons
CAI works bet in reinforcing learning through repetitive exercises
such that students can practice basic skills or knowledge in various subject
areas. Common types o drill and practice programs include vocabulary building,
math facts, basic sentence, and history or geography facts.
When and how can teachers integrate drill and practices programs
with their lessons? The following suggestions can be made
- Use drill and practice
programs for basic skills and knowledge that require rapid or automatic
response by students.
- Ensure that drill and
practice activities conform to the lesson plan/curriculum.
- Limit drill and practice
to 20-30 minutes to avoid boredom.
- Use drill and practice
to assists students with particular weakness in basic skills.
In integrating computer programs in instruction, we use tutorial
software associated with cognitive learning. While practice exercise or
learning-by-doing is still the heart of each tutorial software should be able
to teach new content/ new information to students (in as much as CAI
provides practice on old or already learned content). Provide comprehensive
information on concepts addition to practice exercises.
- Can be effectively used
for remediation, reviewing, or enrichment.
- Allow the teacher to
introduce follow-up question to stimulate students learning.
- Permits group activity
for cooperate learning.
Simulations Programs
Simulations software materials are another kind of software that
is constructionist in nature. This simulations software:
- Teacher strategies and
rules applied to real life problems/situations.
- Asks students to make
decisions o models or scenarios.
- Allow students to
manipulate elements of a model and get the exercise of the effect on their
decisions.
Instructional Games
While relation to low-level learning objectives (e.g. basic
spelling or basic math skills), instructional computer games add the elements
of competition and challenge.
Problem Solving Software
These are more sophisticated than the drill and practice exercises
and allow students to learn and improve on their problem solving ability. Since
problem cannot be solved simply by memorizing facts, the students have to
employ higher thinking skills such as logic, recognition, reflection, and
strategy-making.
Multimedia Encyclopedia
and Electronic Books
The Multimedia Encyclopedia can store a huge database with texts,
images, animation, audio and video. Students can access and desired information,
search it vast contents, and even download/print relevant portions of the data
for their composition or presentation.
Provides textual information of learning for reading, supplemented
by other types of multimedia information (sounds, spoken words, pictures
animation). These are useful for learning reading, spelling and words skills.
Lesson 10
Computer as a Tutor
The computer is one of the
wonder of human ingenuity even in its original design in the 1950’s to carry
out complicated mathematical and logical operations. With the invention of
microcomputer, the PC has become the tool for programmed instruction. Educator
saw much use of the PC. They saw its potential for individualization in
learning.
Computer-assisted
Instruction (CAI)
The
computer can be tutor in effective relieving the teacher of many activities in
his her/her personal role of classroom tutor. It should be made clear, however,
that the computer cannot totally replace the teacher since the teacher shall
continue to play the major roles of information deliverer and learning
environment controller.
The teacher must :
- Insured the students have the needed knowledge and skills for any computer activity.
- Decide the appropriate learning objectives.
- Plan the sequential and structured activities to achieve objectives.
- Evaluate the students’ achievement by ways of tests the specific expected outcomes.
The students in CAI
play their own roles as learners as they :
- Receive information.
- Understand instructions for the computer activity.
- Retain in mind the information and rules for the computer activity.
- Apply the knowledge and rules during the process of computer learning.
The computer, too,
play its role as it :
- Acts as a sort of tutor.
- Provides learning environment.
- Delivers learning instruction.
- Reinforces learning trough drill-and-practice,
- Provides feedback.
CAI Integrated with Lessons
CAI works bet in reinforcing learning through repetitive exercises
such that students can practice basic skills or knowledge in various subject
areas. Common types o drill and practice programs include vocabulary building,
math facts, basic sentence, and history or geography facts.
When and how can teachers integrate drill and practices programs
with their lessons? The following suggestions can be made
- Use drill and practice
programs for basic skills and knowledge that require rapid or automatic
response by students.
- Ensure that drill and
practice activities conform to the lesson plan/curriculum.
- Limit drill and practice
to 20-30 minutes to avoid boredom.
- Use drill and practice
to assists students with particular weakness in basic skills.
In integrating computer programs in instruction, we use tutorial
software associated with cognitive learning. While practice exercise or
learning-by-doing is still the heart of each tutorial software should be able
to teach new content/ new information to students (in as much as CAI
provides practice on old or already learned content). Provide comprehensive
information on concepts addition to practice exercises.
- Can be effectively used
for remediation, reviewing, or enrichment.
- Allow the teacher to
introduce follow-up question to stimulate students learning.
- Permits group activity
for cooperate learning.
Simulations Programs
Simulations software materials are another kind of software that
is constructionist in nature. This simulations software:
- Teacher strategies and
rules applied to real life problems/situations.
- Asks students to make
decisions o models or scenarios.
- Allow students to
manipulate elements of a model and get the exercise of the effect on their
decisions.
Instructional Games
While relation to low-level learning objectives (e.g. basic
spelling or basic math skills), instructional computer games add the elements
of competition and challenge.
Problem Solving Software
These are more sophisticated than the drill and practice exercises
and allow students to learn and improve on their problem solving ability. Since
problem cannot be solved simply by memorizing facts, the students have to
employ higher thinking skills such as logic, recognition, reflection, and
strategy-making.
Multimedia Encyclopedia
and Electronic Books
The Multimedia Encyclopedia can store a huge database with texts,
images, animation, audio and video. Students can access and desired information,
search it vast contents, and even download/print relevant portions of the data
for their composition or presentation.
Provides textual information of learning for reading, supplemented
by other types of multimedia information (sounds, spoken words, pictures
animation). These are useful for learning reading, spelling and words skills.
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